类(class)是在 JS 中编写构造函数的新方法。它是使用构造函数的语法糖，在底层中使用仍然是原型和基于原型的继承。
//ES5 Version
function Person(firstName, lastName, age, address) {
this.firstName = firstName;
this.lastName = lastName;
this.age = age;
this.address = address;
}
Person.self = function() {
return this;
}
Person.prototype.toString = function() {
return "[object Person]";
}
Person.prototype.getFullName = function() {
return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName;
}
//ES6 Version
class Person {
constructor(firstName, lastName, age, address) {
this.lastName = lastName;
this.firstName = firstName;
this.age = age;
this.address = address;
}
static self() {
return this;
}
toString() {
return "[object Person]";
}
getFullName() {
return`$ {
this.firstName
}
$ {
this.lastName
}`;
}
}
重写方法并从另一个类继承。
//ES5 Version
Employee.prototype = Object.create(Person.prototype);
function Employee(firstName, lastName, age, address, jobTitle, yearStarted) {
Person.call(this, firstName, lastName, age, address);
this.jobTitle = jobTitle;
this.yearStarted = yearStarted;
}
Employee.prototype.describe = function () {
return `I am ${this.getFullName()} and I have a position of ${this.jobTitle} and I started at ${this.yearStarted}`;
}
Employee.prototype.toString = function () {
return "[object Employee]";
}
//ES6 Version
class Employee extends Person { //Inherits from "Person" class
constructor(firstName, lastName, age, address, jobTitle, yearStarted) {
super(firstName, lastName, age, address);
this.jobTitle = jobTitle;
this.yearStarted = yearStarted;
}
describe() {
return `I am ${this.getFullName()} and I have a position of ${this.jobTitle} and I started at ${this.yearStarted}`;
}
toString() { // Overriding the "toString" method of "Person"
return "[object Employee]";
}
}
所以我们要怎么知道它在内部使用原型？
class Something {
}
function AnotherSomething(){
}
const as = new AnotherSomething();
const s = new Something();
console.log(typeof Something); // "function"
console.log(typeof AnotherSomething); // "function"
console.log(as.toString()); // "[object Object]"
console.log(as.toString()); // "[object Object]"
console.log(as.toString === Object.prototype.toString); // true
console.log(s.toString === Object.prototype.toString); // true